Publications

The relationship between Canada and the European Union is going through an unusual moment. Not because both sides have only now discovered their affinities — these are longstanding and supported by significant trade relations, common NATO membership and decades of political cooperation — but because, for the first time, they are attempting to find an institutional formula that goes beyond conventional partnership without necessarily leading to membership. The expression that

A military assessment of security guarantees, deterrence and the southern flank Every so often, the same question resurfaces: are Ceuta and Melilla protected by NATO? The question is legitimate, but framing it solely around which treaty article would apply after a potential attack is insufficient. From a military perspective, the analysis should begin earlier: what combination of political will, military capabilities and international commitments makes such an attack unlikely

There is a wrong way to imagine green hydrogen: as if it were simply the oil of the future. The comparison is tempting. Countries with abundant solar and wind resources would produce large quantities of energy, transform it into hydrogen and export it to Europe’s major industrial centres. In this scenario, Europe could progressively reduce its dependence on hydrocarbons and turn to new energy sources from regions with abundant renewable resources. The Iberian Peninsula and No